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1 τροπή
A turn, turning:a ὅθι τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο apparently denotes a point on the horizon, prob. the West or place where the sum sets (so Eust.1787.20), Od.15.404.b each of two fixed points in the solar year, the solstices, first in Hes., at the time of the (winter) solstice, Op. ; μετὰ τροπὰς ἠελ. ib.564,663 (with [dialect] Dor. acc. pl. in - ᾰς); πεδὰ τὰς τροπάς Alcm.33.5
:—later the two solstices were distinguished as τροπαὶ θεριναί and χειμεριναί, Hdt.2.19, Th.7.16, Pl.Lg. 767c, Arist. HA 542b4 sqq., Gal.6.405, etc. (rarely in sg.,τροπὴ θερινή Arist.Mete. 364b2
, Gem.1.13; τ. χειμερινή ib.15);τροπαὶ νότιοι Arist.HA 542b11
; τ. βόρειοι, νότιοι, Plu.2.601a:—when τροπαί is used alone, it mostly refers to the winter solstice, but the sense is always determined by the context, v. Hes. ll. cc.; περὶ ἡλίου τροπάς (sc. χειμερινάς) Th.8.39;εὐθὺς ἐκ τροπῶν Arist.HA 542b20
:—sts. also of other heavenly bodies, Pl.Ti. 39d;περὶ Πλειάδος δύσιν καὶ τροπάς Arist.HA 542b23
, etc.;ἄστρων ἐπιτολάς, δύσεις, τροπάς Alex.30.5
;τροπὰς τῶν ἐνδεδεμένων ἄστρων Arist.Cael. 296b4
;τροπαὶ ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης Epicur.Ep.2p.40U.
:—sts. four in number (the two equinoxes and two solstices), S.E.M.5.11, Gal.17(1).22; so (on a sun-dial)θερινὴ τ., ἰσημερινὴ τ., χειμερινὴ τ., Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 12.236
([place name] Samos).2 turn, change, Arist.Pol. 1316a17;πλείους τραπόμενος τροπὰς τοῦ Εὐρίπου Aeschin. 3.90
; τ. πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον turn for the better, Phld.Rh.2.25S.;ὀξυτέρας τρεπόμενος τ. τοῦ χαμαιλέοντος Plu.Alc.23
;αἱ τοῦ κόλακος ὥσπερ πολύποδος τ. Id.2.52f
;αἱ τῶ αἵματος τ. καὶ ἀλλοιώσιες Ti.Locr.102c
; αἱ περὶ τὸν ἀέρα τ. changes in the air or weather, Plu.2.946f; of wine, a turning sour, ib.939f (cf. τροπίας); going bad, of food,τ. καὶ διαφθορὰ τῶν παρακειμένων Gal.19.208
; of phonetic change in language, A.D. Adv.210.4, Hdn.Gr.2.932.3 τροπαὶ λέξεως a change of speech by figures or tropes ([etym.] τρόποι), Luc.Dem.Enc.6, cf. Hermog.Inv.4.10, al.4 αἱ τροπαί, = αἱ τροπαῖαι, alternating winds, Arist.Pr. 940b16, 21, Thphr.CP2.3.1, Vent.26.II the turning about of the enemy, putting to flight or routing him, τροπήν (or τροπάς) τινος ποιεῖν or ποιεῖσθαι put one to flight, Hdt.1.30, Ar.Eq. 246 (troch.), Th.2.19, 6.69, etc.; οἵαν ἂν τροπὴν Εὐρυσθέως θείμην ( θείην codd.) E.Heracl. 743;τροπὴ γινομένη Hdt.7.167
, cf. Th.1.49,50, etc.: poet.,ἐν μάχης τροπῇ A.Ag. 1237
; ἐν τροπῇ δορός in the rout caused by the spear, S.Aj. 1275, E.Rh.82.IV a coin, Hsch.; cf. τροπαϊκόν. -
2 περίοδος
περίοδος, ὁ,A one who goes the rounds, patrol, Aen.Tact.22.3, al., Rev.Arch.1911(2).424 (Mesembria, i B. C.).------------------------------------A going round, marching round, flank march, τῶν Περσέων ἡ π. Hdt.7.219, 229 ;π. καὶ κύκλωσις Th.4.35
.2 slow walk, Gal.17(2).99.II way round, Hdt.7.223 ;λίμνης Id.1.185
; circumference, circuit, compass, σήματος, τείχεος, ib.93, 163 : abs., τὴν π. in circumference, Id.7.109.III γῆς π. chart or map of the earth, Id.4.36, 5.49, Ar.Nu. 206, Arist.Mete. 362b12, Agathem.1.1 ; αἱ τῆς γῆς π. books of descriptive geography, Arist. Pol. 1262a19, Rh. 1360a34, Mete. 350a16.IV going round in a circle, coming round to the starting-point, circuit, ἡ τοῦ τρίποδος π. Plu. Sol.4.2 esp. of Time, cycle or period of time, πάσαις ἐτέων π. Pi. N.11.40; freq. in Pl., ἐν πολλαῖς χρόνου καὶ μακραῖς π. Phd. 107e ;π. χιλιετής Phdr. 249a
: abs., R. 546b, Epicur.Ep.1p.27U. (pl.), etc.; κατὰ φύσιν π. Arist.GA 777b18; of the Great Year of the Stoics, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.189(pl.); ἐκ περιόδου periodically, in rotation, Heraclid.Pol.58, Plb.2.43.1, etc.;ἐν περιόδῳ Plu.Eum.8
; esp. the period embracing the four great public games,κατὰ τὰν π. ἑκάσταν IG9(1).694.31
(Corc.); ἐνίκησε τὴν π. Ath.10.415a; νικώμενος τὴν π. Arr. Epict.3.25.5, cf. Poll.4.89; v. περιοδονίκης.3 of events, periodic recurrence, cycle, Isoc.15.174, Thphr.CP1.13.1.b cycle, roster of public officials,τῇ πρὸ ταύτης π. τῶν μελλόντων λειτουργεῖν POxy. 1119.6
(iii A. D.), cf. 1552.3 (iii A. D.).4 Medic., a regular prescribed course of life, ἐν τῇ καθεστηκυίᾳ π. ζῆν to live in the regular course, Pl.R. 4073; αἱ ἰατρικαὶ π. the periodical visits of a regular physician, the doctor's rounds, Luc.Gall.23, cf. Nigr.22 : hence, medical practice, Heraclasap.Orib.48.18.2.c fit of intermittent fever, or the like , Hp. Aph.4.59 (pl.), D.9.19; ὁ ἐκ περιόδου πυρετός an intermittent fever, Luc.Philops.9.6 orbit of a heavenly body, Id.Mem. 4.7.5 ; ἀστέρος κυκλικὴ π. Vett.Val.94.20; also θεριναὶ π., = τροπαί, Hp.Aër.19; revolution of a heavenly body, Epicur.Ep.1p.28U.VI Rhet., period, Thrasymach. ap. Suid.s.v. Θρασύμαχος, etc.; defined as λέξις ἔχουσα ἀρχὴν καὶ τελευτὴν αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτὴν καὶ μέγεθος εὐσύνοπτον, Arist.Rh. 1409a35, etc.; also in Music and Metric, Heph.Poëm.3.5, Aristid.Quint.1.14.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περίοδος
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